At what age are people usually happiest? Here’s what a new study found

If you could be one age for the rest of your life, what would it be?

Would you choose to be nine years old, absolved of life’s most tedious responsibilities and instead able to spend your days playing with friends and practising your multiplication tables?

Or would you choose your early 20s, when the time feels endless and the world is your oyster – with friends, travel, pubs and clubs beckoning?

Western culture idealises youth, so it may come as a surprise to learn that in a recent poll asking this question, the most popular answer was not nine years or 23 years, but 36 years.

Yet as a developmental psychologist, I thought that response made a lot of sense.

For the last four years, I have been studying people’s experiences of their 30s and early 40s, and my research has led me to believe that this stage of life – while full of challenges – is much more rewarding than most might think.

Career, care crunch

When I was a researcher in my late 30s, I wanted to read more about the age period I was in. That was when I realised that no one was doing research on people in their 30s and early 40s, which puzzled me. So much often happens during this time: buying homes, getting married or getting divorced, building careers, changing careers, having children or choosing not to have children.

To study something, it helps to name it. So my colleagues and I named the period from ages 30 years to 45 years “established adulthood”, and then set out to try to understand it better. While we are still collecting data, we have currently interviewed over 100 people in this age cohort, and have collected survey data from more than 600 additional people.

We went into this large-scale project expecting to find that established adults were happy but struggling. We thought there would be rewards during this period of life – perhaps being settled in career, family and friendships, or peaking physically and cognitively – but also some significant challenges.

The main challenge we anticipated was what we called “the career and care crunch”.

This refers to the collision of workplace demands and demands of caring for others that takes place in your 30s and early 40s. Trying to climb a ladder in a chosen career while also being increasingly expected to care for kids, tend to the needs of partners and perhaps care for ageing parents can create a lot of stress and work.

Yet when we started to look at our data, what we found surprised us.

Yes, people were feeling overwhelmed and talked about having too much to do in too little time. But they also talked about feeling profoundly satisfied. All of these things that were bringing them stress were also bringing them joy.

For example, Yuying, 44, said “even though there are complicated points of this time period, I feel very solidly happy in this space right now”. Nina, 39, simply described herself as being “wildly happy”. (The names used in this piece are pseudonyms, as required by the research protocol.)

When we took an even closer look at our data, it started to become clear why people might wish to remain age 36 years over any other age. People talked about being in the prime of their lives and feeling at their peak. After years of working to develop careers and relationships, people reported feeling as though they had finally arrived.

Mark, 36, shared that, at least for him, “things feel more in place”. “I have put together a machine that’s finally got all the parts it needs,” he said.

Sigh of relief

As well as feeling as though they had accumulated the careers, relationships and general life skills they had been working toward since their 20s, people also said they had greater self-confidence and understood themselves better.

Jodie, 36, appreciated the wisdom she had gained as she reflected on life beyond her 20s.

“Now you have got a solid decade of life experience,” she said. “And what you discover about yourself in your 20s is not necessarily that what you wanted was wrong.”

“It is just you have the opportunity to figure out what you do not want and what is not going to work for you. … So you go into your 30s, and you do not waste a bunch of time going on half a dozen dates with somebody that is probably not really going to work out, because you have dated before and you have that confidence and that self-assuredness to be like, ‘hey, thanks but no thanks’,” she said. “Your friend circle becomes a lot closer because you weed out the people that you just do not need in your life that bring drama.”

Most established adults we interviewed seemed to recognise that they were happier in their 30s than they were in their 20s, and this impacted how they thought about some of the signs of physical ageing that they were starting to encounter. For example, Lisa, 37, said, “If I could go back physically but I had to also go back emotionally and mentally … no way. I would take flabby skin lines every day.”

Not ideal for all

Our research should be viewed with some caveats.

The interviews were primarily conducted with middle-class North Americans, and many of the participants are white. For those who are working class, or for those who have had to reckon with decades of systemic racism, established adulthood may not be so rosy.

It is also worth noting that the career and care crunch has been exacerbated, especially for women, by the Covid-19 pandemic. For this reason, the pandemic may be leading to a decrease in life satisfaction, especially for established adults who are parents trying to navigate full-time careers and full-time child care.

At the same time, that people think of their 30s – and not their 20s or their teens – as the sweet spot in their lives to which they’d like to return suggests that this is a period of life that we should pay more attention to.

And this is slowly happening. Along with my own work is an excellent book recently written by Kayleen Shaefer, But You’re Still So Young that explores people navigating their 30s. In her book she tells stories of changing career paths, navigating relationships and dealing with fertility.

My colleagues and I hope that our work and Shaefer’s book are just the beginning. Having a better understanding of the challenges and rewards of established adulthood will give society more tools to support people during that period, ensuring that this golden age provides not only memories that we will fondly look back upon, but also a solid foundation for the rest of our lives.

Clare Mehta is an Associate Professor of Psychology at the Emmanuel College.

This article first appeared on The Conversation.